How Does Realism And Idealism Affect Our International...

Amidst Political Idealism, Realism The theories of realism and idealism are as old as politics, itself. There has always been one group looking as things as they are, asking finite questions like how much will it cost, examining actions over intentions and another group aiming for how things should be while asking is this morally right, just or conscionable?. How does realism and idealism affect our international political landscape? Although theory suggests that politicians operate from one camp or another, is it impossible to navigate life supporting every initiative of one camp or another? One may in fact possess an idealistic viewpoint or attitude overall but, cast a vote for a more realistic solution of a particular situation. Evidence suggests that descriptors of realism and idealism are blurred lines, although it is in direct conflict with the teachings of political science, which have not changed much since inception. â€Å"†¦one cannot understand Hitler s Germany and Stalin s Soviet Union, the two most destructive states of the twentieth century†¦ Both regimes were driven by the desire to remake first their societies and then the world. Neither took the state as the unit whose interests were to be served; no narrow self-interest or considerations of national security or even national gain could have led to such domestic slaughter and dangerous expansions.† Jervis, R. (1998). There are many examples of overlapping realism and idealism. A group of realists andShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLeft Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., AgriculturalRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesunfamiliar with the concepts and terms of semiotics. Excepting the inadequate translation of a few words which either cannot be translated into English or only approximately translated, few semantic and stylistic improvements are needed and the translation does justice to Metz s text. In some instances, usage did not adopt Michael Taylor s solution. The most glaring example of his innovative translation is the word significate now usually translated by signified (signifià © in French)—which is used throughoutRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 PagesCase studies from the textile sector Doctoral dissertation the international institute for industrial environmental economics Lund University, Sweden  IIIEE DISSERTATIONS 2009:2  Responsibility in the Supply Chain Interorganisational management of environmental and social aspects in the supply chain Case studies from the textile sector Beatrice KOGG Doctoral Dissertation May 2009 The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics  InternationellaRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesI strongly recommend it to anyone seriously interested in the different intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, NorwayRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

The Protestant Reformation And Renaissance The...

Modern historians have always debated on how we should classify the events of our history; they naturally want to be as authentic and actuate as possible when they rely information to us. However, when it comes to something as complicated and intricate as European history, it becomes troublesome to simply label a part of history without it bearing resemblance to another. As to the concern of the relation between the Protestant Reformation and Renaissance, they both encompass apparent elements of individualism and religious reasoning. In spite of this, both these events can be separately indentified as different based on the change they incited on the whole of Western Civilization and of who was actually effected during their time. The†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli recites various examples of influential peoples’ victories and failures within Europe who either act or don’t act out the nature he highlights in his analysis of humanist beliefs. He uses the infam ous Cesare Borgia as one such example. â€Å"Cesare Borgia was considered cruel, yet his harsh measures restored order to the Romagna, unifying it and rendering it peaceful and loyal.† (Machiavelli, The Prince 58). As one of the prevailing themes within the Renaissance, religion always played an important part within the arts and politics of Europe. However, the central entity responsible for all religious affairs, the Catholic Church, practiced some rather questionable methods of consolidating its duties between God and the people of the physical world. Many philosophizers and priests had questioned the goals and reasoning of the church throughout the fifteenth century, yet many met the same fate of being discredited by the church, forced into silence, or straight up killed and labeled as a heretic. In spite of the large number of people who suffered thanks to their differing opinions, one monk became accredited with being one of the most devout to his faith and ended up changing history in his oppositionShow MoreRelated The Nature of Man, the Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation2873 Words   |  12 Pages Europe was a tumultuous region in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In particular, the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation both introduced radical intellectual and religious ideas that challenged centuries of established doctrine. This period corresponded with a great surge in philosophical, political, and religious writing. Among the most influential thinkers of the time were the Italian humanist Leon Battista Alberti, the Florentine politician Niccolà ² Machiavelli, and theRead MoreHumanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation = Scientific Revolution3038 Words   |  13 PagesHumanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation = Sc ientific Revolution Kelly McCabe CCM Summer Session III Professor Pilant Term Paper CCM Summer Session III 2012 Early Modern European History Term Paper The later Middle Ages is characterized as a time of great transition and advancement, especially pertaining to areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. A new trend towards the pursuit of new knowledgeRead MoreThe Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of the811 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus, the Renaissance concentrated increasingly on the present day, demonstrating a more secular philosophy. Humanism developed, making human beings, and not God, the center of attention. People not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seenRead MoreRenaissance and Reformation806 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly similar in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,† in a nutshell,† a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is todayRead MoreThe Decline Of The Reformation867 Words   |  4 PagesThe fact that the Renaissance took place before the Protestant Reformation was not a coincidence. One of the major promoters of the Reformation was the availability of the Bible in the common language of the people throughout Europe. Another was the growing number of people who were able to read the Bible for themselves. Both the availability of printed material and the increasing literacy rates were direct consequences of the Renaissance and thus fostered the Reformation that followed. Without theRead MoreInterpreting Modern History: Revival of the Appreciation of Art894 Words   |  4 Pagesmoral values known as the Renaissance. During and before this time period, the majority of the European population was deeply embedded and blinded by the church. It is my understanding that Modern history is comprised of a sequence of events. It was not limited to specific dates, it was a continuous cycle of religious and political strives for power, establishment, and scientific discovery. The events, formerly mentioned, that took place were the Renaissance, the Reformation, and Exploration. The firstRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Europe1174 Words   |  5 Pageswere more significant than the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the French Revolution. Of these three events, the Renaissance proved to be the most important event in shaping a modern Europe, with developments in education, class structure/order and social change issues, religion, building construction/use, Medici banking system, art and architecture, humanism, printing and the printing press, and the scientific and medical changes of the Islamic Renaissance. The changes in the developmentRead MoreWhy Did The Renaissance Come From Northern Europe?1696 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did the Renaissance come later to northern Europe than to Italy and what were its distinctive characteristics? The Renaissance, a term coined by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 , is used to describe the period of cultural and intellectual change which started in Italy and then spread across the rest of Europe. This development in society led to Europe stepping out of the medieval era and becoming a powerhouse on a global scale. The Italian Renaissance is what the majority of people think ofRead MoreThe Renaissance Versus the Reformation1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance versus the Reformation I feel, sometimes, as the Renaissance man must have felt in finding new riches at every point and in the certainty that unexplored areas of knowledge and experience await at every turnÂâ€"Polykarp Kusch. Two very critical periods in the history of western civilization involved the eras of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The renaissance evolved mainly in direct result to the medieval times where the people where obedient to authority. The reformationRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance period, also known as the time of â€Å"rebirth†, brought many new ideas from the early 14th to late 16th century. These ideas derived from old medieval beliefs coinciding with new modernist attitudes (â€Å"Basic Ideas of the Renaissance,† 2012). Of the many changes that occurred, politics and power, humanism, and the Protestant Reformation predominated. Many desired a strong central government and an end to feudalism, which gave way for the establishment of monarchies (â€Å"Introduction to Renaissance

Swot Analysis Pepsi Free Essays

SWOT Analysis: PepsiCo Diversification Strategy in 2008 Name Course Instructor Name Date PepsiCo Diversification Strategy in 2008 PepsiCo History †¢ PepsiCo is the second largest snack and beverage company in the world. Established in 1965 when Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay shareholders merged their salty snack icon and soft drink giant. With revenues of $500 million with popular brands such as Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Fritos, Lay’s, Cheetos, and Ruffles, they have achieved growth and long-term value in its operational activities by creating competitive advantages through new product innovation and acquisitions. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis: Pepsi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its portfolio has grown year after year with its acquisition of Tropicana in 1998, two largest bottlers (Pepsi Bottling Group/PepsiAmericas) in 2010 and Wimm-Bill-Dann (dairy products) in 2011, and the merger with Quaker Oats in 2001. Profits generating $39. 5 billion in net revenues in 2007 leading to 19 products each generating $1 billion in worldwide retail revenues in 2010. Some of the most popular inclusions have been Quaker Oats, Gatorade G2, Tiger Woods signature sports drinks, Cap’n Crunch cereal, Aquafina, and Aunt Jamima pancake mix. In keeping up with consumer health and wellness concerns of reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, trans fats, and simple carbohydrates, PepsiCo created better-for-you and good-for-you products under the Power of One alliance strategy which focused on increasing customers tendency to purchase more than one PepsiCo product during each visit. A quite ingenious innovation! †¢ †¢ SWOT Analysis Strengths Branding Diversification Distribution Weaknesses Overdependence on Snacks Non-carbonated drinks Large Size Low Productivity Opportunities Broadening of Product Base International Expansion Growing Snacks of new flavors and Bottled Water market in U. S. Threats Decline in Carbonated Drink Sales Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations Intense Competition Potential Disruption Strengths Branding †¢ PepsiCo’s top brand is its most recognized brand in the world, Pepsi, followed by its 155 varieties of Frito-Lay, PepsiCo beverages, Tropicana, Gatorade, and Quaker Oats brands. Most PepsiCo brands reached number one or two positions in their respective categories and has â€Å"24 other global and local brands with annual retail sales ranging from $250 million to $1 billion, including Sobe, Naked, AMP Energy, Propel Zero, Sabritas, Gamesa, Lebedyansky, Aunt Jemima and Rice? A? Roni . † (PepsiCo website) In2008, Frito-Lay was the top selling chip brand in the U. S. and Propel Fitness Water was the leading brand of functional water; In 2007 it was Gatorade, propel, and Aquafina with a 76 percent market share. Three initiatives leading the industry were â€Å"convenience, a growing awareness of nutritional content of snack foods, and indulgent snacking. † (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 426) The strength of these brands is evident in PepsiCo’s presence in 200 countries and proven in it’s 2007 net revenues of $39. 5 billion globally and annualized revenues of $60 billion in 2010. (PepsiCo website) The company has the largest market share in the US beverage at 39%, and snack food market at 25%. Such brand dominance insures loyalty and repetitive sales. †¢ Diversification †¢ PepsiCo’s diversification not only integrates snacks (chips), ready-to-drink teas, juice drinks, flavored/bottled water, as well as breakfast cereals, cakes and cake mixes, but its brands are catered to its international franchise such Crujitos corn snacks, Fruko beverages, and Crueslic cereal sold in the UK, Europe, Asia, Middle East, and Africa. All the various products plus a multi-channel distribution system, and its 300,000 team of professionals that thrive on collaboration and respect were led by three CEOs (Enrico, Reinemund, Nooyi); all of which served to insulate PepsiCo position as the â€Å"world’s second largest food and beverage business†. (PepsiCo website) Distribution †¢ The company delivers its products through direct-store-delivery (DSD) from manufacturing plants and warehouses to customer warehouses and foodservice and vending distribution networks to retail stores. PepsiCo website) These delivery options allow maximum visibility and appeal (DSD), costs savings for fragile/perishables with lower turnover (customer warehouse), and the use of third party distribution services (foodservice/vending) to schools, stadiums and restaurants reducing stock-outs. All are based on â€Å"customer needs, product characteristics, and local trade practices†. (PepsiCo website) Weaknesses Overdependence on Snacks and Non-carbonated drinks †¢ PepsiCo failed to focus on its main brand, Pepsi. Although sales of carbonated drinks was considerable his, it was carried by it’s non-carbonated which increased revenues 5 percent; consequently, carbonated revenues dropped 3 percent the same year, 2007. †¢ The company focused on more healthy products by trying to develop new sweeteners and acquiring Izze lightly carbonated sparkling fruit drinks in 2007. It failed to strengthen its position in the U. S. to out beat Coca-Cola and lagged 10 percent in 2007; bumping PepsiCo to the number two position of nonalcoholic beverage producer. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 430) Large Size †¢ Despite its international presence, 48 percent of its revenues originate in the US. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 431) This leaves PepsiCo vulnerable to the impact of changing economic conditions. Large US customers could exploit PepsiCo’s lack of bargaining power and negatively impact revenues. Acquisition of Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC initially proved beneficial but continued growth in snack food and beverage acquisitions deemed its strategic-fit benefits existing between restaurants and its core beverage and snacks were difficult to capture. Benefits were offset by fast-food industries fierce price competition and low profit margins. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 423) †¢ â€Å"Its value chain consists of 230 plants, 3,600 distribution systems, and 120,000 service routes around the wo rld. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 436) Low Productivity †¢ Low profit margins on PepsiCo’s international business demanded the need for a new organizational structure leading to the 2008 realignment creating a three division structure under one roof with six reporting segments: Frito-Lay North America, Quaker Foods North America, Latin American Foods, PepsiCo Americas Beverages, United Kingdom Europe, and Middle East, Africa Asia. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 36) In an article from the Dow Jones Company, dated 21 November 2012, it reports a disappointing year for Pepsi and the speculation that PepsiCo may be reconsidering its refusal to create separate global snacks and beverage companies. † (Proquest) Opportunities Broadening of Product Base †¢ PepsiCo seized opportunity of potential weaknesses by acquiring Mexico’s largest Pepsi bottler, Pepsi-Gemex SA de CV, for $1. 26 billion capitalizing Mexico’s number one producer of purified water. (Ga mble Thompson, 2012, pg. 34) In addition, the two largest bottlers (Pepsi Bottling Group/PepsiAmericas) in 2010 and Wimm-Bill-Dann (dairy products) in 2011, and the merger with Quaker Oats in 2001. †¢ It continues to broaden its product base by introducing what consumers want most: Healthier snacks and drinks, convenient snack size portions, and introducing multiple flavors to the needs of various cultures. These initiatives will enable PepsiCo to adjust to the changing lifestyles of its consumers and appeal to its international customer base. International Expansion †¢ PepsiCo is focused on expanding Gatorade into 15 additional countries, Tropicana into 20 new markets, and Lipton into five international markets in 2012. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 434) Its expansion into international markets and a lessening its dependence on US sales in addition to the company plans on major capital initiatives in China will increase their global customer base. Growing Snacks of new flavors and Bottled Water market in US †¢ Products such as Aquafina, and Propel are well established products and in a position to ride the upward crest. PepsiCo products such as, Doritos tortilla chips, Cheetos cheese flavored snacks, Tostitos tortilla chips, Ruffles potato chips, Sun Chips multigrain snacks, Rold Gold pretzels, benefit from a growing savory snack markets.. Threats Decline in Carbonated Drink Sales †¢ Soft drink sales have decline by as much as 2 percent from 2005 to 2007 due to a health conscience society. Fruit beverages went down slightly and others stayed relatively the same. The future state of the economy and additional emphasis on health could drive these numbers in the negative direction. Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations †¢ Manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of food products may be altered as a result of state, federal or local dictates. In 2000, PepsiCo experienced FTC setbacks due to concerns over the merger of Gatorade and that it might give the company too much leverage in negotiations with convenience stores. The FTC stipulated that PepsiCo could not jointly distribute Gatorade with soft drinks for 10 years. (Gamble Thompson, 2012, pg. 423) This could have set them so far ahead of their number one competitor to stay number one. There’s also been talk about the ingredient, acryl amide, suggesting it could cause cancer if consumed in significant amounts in rats. If the company has to comply with a related regulation or add warning labels, it could have negative impacts. Intense Competition †¢ The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. Intense competition may influence pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. Potential Disruption †¢ The economy is unstable and people are cutting back on spending. Although people want to eat and drink healthier products, the costs to eat healthier is more expensive so the changes to make healthier snacks need to stay reasonable. Another potential threat are the generic brands most stores sell that appeal to the penny pincher during hard times. Alternatives Smaller packaging †¢ PepsiCo could expound on making smaller portions to all their products that have high sale rates. Selling in bulk at cheaper prices is another option for the residential and business arena. Advertisements †¢ Promote their products through effective marketing strategies. Utilize internet, facebook and other resources that hit thousands at one time but isn’t expensive. Do funny advertisements like the Super Bowl ones more often. These are things people remember and talk about for long periods. Intense Competition †¢ The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. Intense competition may influence pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. The economy is unstable and people are cutting back on spending. Although people want to eat and drink healthier products, the costs to eat healthier is more expensive so the changes to make healthier snacks need to stay reasonable. Another potential threat are the generic brands most stores sell that appeal to the penny pincher during hard times Potential Disruption Due to Labor Unrest – †¢ Outsource jobs to other countries to benefit their needs but provide job opportunities to people in the U. S. This provides added growth at home and abroad while not jeopardizing at home support. Assessment †¢ PepsiCo has held their own for decades and have grown into the global market becoming diverse in the snack industry, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, and incorporating new seasonings and spices to appeal to the local nationals. Pepsi has a large loyal group of customers that they need to stay attuned to and ensure they offer incentives for being so loyal. Offering discounts is a great way to not only keep customers, but it helps gain new customers. Overall, Pepsi has achieved success and stayed in the running. Although they were bumped down to number two, it seems as though the take great care in addressing lessons learned and are not fast to make a rash decision as they Dow recently reported that I mentioned above. They have cross-communication and rotate managers to keep them fresh on new initiatives and this puts fresh eyes on the situation to better capture new ideas and identify potential shortfalls. PepsiCo commitment is to deliver sustained growth. They offer a wide variety to meet the needs and preferences to satisfy fun to contributing to healthier lifestyles. It has a solid foundation and is only going to progress back to the number one position in the future. I think it needs to continue what it’s doing but not over extend themselves to where they lose focus on what started them in the first place, their number one product, the Pepsi. Which happens to be my favorite soda! †¢ †¢ †¢ References PepsiCo, (n. d. ). PepsiCo. Retrieved from http://www. pepsico. com/ on December 12, 2012 PepsiCo, (n. d. ). PepsiCo. Retrieved from http://www. pepsico. om/Download/PepsiCo_Quick_Facts. pdf on December 12, 2012 Bary, A. , (2011). Don’t Rule Out a Pepsi Breakup Yet. Barron’s, 91(47), 20. Retrieved from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0did=2526832001SrchMode=1sid=9Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQD RQT=309VName=PQDTS=1323732097clientId=74379 on December 12, 2011, (Proquest Document ID: 2526832001). Gamble, J. E. , Thompson, A. A. , (2011). Essentials of Strategic Management: The Quest for Competitive Advantage. (2nd ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill How to cite Swot Analysis: Pepsi, Papers

Measuring Firm Performance Using Financial -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measuring Firm Performance Using Financial? Answer: Introduction Common size analysis or the vertical and horizontal analysis of the company is used to analyse each item of income statement and balance sheet to assess the trend of the company. Looking into the horizontal analysis of the company it is identified that the revenue of the company has been increased by 43% in 2017 as compared to 2016. However, the expenses of the company have been increased by 39% as compared to previous year. Further, as the increase of revenue is more than the increase of expenses, the net income of the company is increased by 56%. Moreover the assets of the company have been merely reduced by 0.42% over the years from 2016 to 2017. The total liabilities have been reduce by 4.11% and total shareholders equity of the company is increased by 4.97% On the other hand, looking into the vertical analysis of the company it is identified that the operating income of the company for the year 2017 is 18% of the revenue whereas for 2016 the same was 16% of the revenue. Further, the net income for 2017 is 13% as against 12% for 2016. Out of the total assets of the company 8.7% is current assets and 91.3% is non-current assets. Further, among the total liabilities and equity, 57% is debt component and 43% is equity component. Ratio analysis Profitability ratio looking into the profitability ratio of the company it is identified that the gross profit ratio and return on equity of the company is reduced in 2017 as compared to 2016. The gross profit has been reduced from 94% to 34% over the years and the return on equity has been reduced from 8% to 4%. However, the operating margin has been increased from 165 to 18%. Therefore, it can be stated that the profit earning efficiency of the company has been reduced over the years (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). Efficiency ratio it measures the operational efficiency of the company. These ratios are also known as turnover ratio. Looking into the receivable turnover ratios of the company it is recognized that all the three ratios that is the debt to equity ratio, long-term debt to equity and debt to total assets ratio of the company over the last 2 years has not been changed significantly. Therefore, the efficiency of the company has not been improved or deteriorated. Solvency ratio the main objective of these ratios are assessing the companys ability to pay off their long term obligations. Further these ratios reveal the long term operating and financial structure of the company. Looking into the solvency ratios of the company it is found that debt to equity ratio of the company has been increased which states that the debt portion is increased. However, the other ratios are depicting that the company has a balanced capital structure and moderately leveraged. Liquidity ratio these ratios states the ability of the company to pay off their obligations when they are due. Looking into the current ratio of the company it is identified that the companys efficiency to meet the obligations over the past 2 years has not been changed. However, the defensive interval has been reduced from 173.98 to 139.73. Therefore, the ability of the company to operate under the situation where cash inflow are cut off is reduced (Lundholm Sloan, 2013). Recommendation From the aspect of potential creditor the creditor will be mainly concerned about the liquidity position and solvency position of the company to assess the companys ability to meet its financial obligation. It can be identified from the above that the company has maintained the balance among its debt and equity component under the capital structure. Further, over the last 2 years the company has maintained the moderate liquidity position. Therefore, based on the analysis it will be safe for a creditor to lend money to Corus Entertainment Limited. From the aspect of potential share investor the shareholders before investing in any company mainly analyse the efficiency status and profitability position of the company. It is recognized that though the profitability position of the company has been deteriorated over the years from 2017 to 2016, the company was able to maintain its efficiency over the last 2 years. Further, the company was able to earn profit over the last 2 years. Further, it was able to reduce the liability by 2% as compared to the previous year. Therefore, the shareholder can invest their money into the company. Reference Delen, D., Kuzey, C. Uyar, A, (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. Lundholm, R.J. Sloan, R.G, (2013).Equity valuation and analysis with eVal. McGraw-Hill Irwin.

An essay on Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman.

An essay on Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman. What are the basic elements of tragedy? Arthur Miller believes that the common man is just as fitting to be a tragic figure as a king. However, this argument can be supported as well as it can be argued. The most common elements in a tragedy are that the figure be of noble status, have at least one tragic flaw, and gain tragic awareness before losing their life. Willy Loman can be considered a tragic figure as well as just plain pathetic. The characteristic of blind faith is the deciding factor on whether Willy Loman is tragic, pathetic, or both.Willy Loman can be considered a tragic figure because he has a tragic flaw which eventually leads to his death. Miller also considers Loman to be a tragic figure because he is a common man that everyone can relate to. Willy Loman's major tragic flaw was his blind faith that if you work hard you will succeed, and his faith in the goodness of people.Blind Faith (book)Miller also commented that, "... the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we ar e in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life... to secure... his sense of personal dignity." (pg 1) This description fits Willy Loman because he was willing to die to provide for his family and to keep his "dignity." Another characteristic that Loman possessed was that he feared people no longer respected him and viewed him as a salesman, he realized that people were laughing at him and making fun of him. "The quality in such plays that does shake us, however, derives from the underlying fear of being displaced,... being torn away from our chosen image of what and who we are in this world. ... it is the common man who knows...

Grounded and Ten Other Idioms with Ground

Grounded and Ten Other Idioms with Ground Grounded and Ten Other Idioms with Ground Grounded and Ten Other Idioms with Ground By Maeve Maddox When I was still young enough to be under parental supervision, if I did something ill-considered, I was not â€Å"grounded†; I â€Å"lost privileges.† The use of grounded to mean â€Å"confined to home outside school hours† had not yet penetrated to our neck of the woods. I was familiar with grounded in connection with electricity and flying: grounded adjective: electrically connected with the ground, either directly or through another conductor. grounded adjective: of an airplane or pilot, unable, or not allowed to fly. For example, a pilot might be grounded because of illness. A plane might be grounded by reason of bad weather. In the 1940s, the word grounded acquired the general sense of suspended or disqualified. For example, a truck driver whose license had been revoked was said to be â€Å"grounded,† as was a jockey who had been suspended from riding. It was not a leap to apply the use of grounded to a teenager whose driving privileges had been revoked. Nowadays, even young children are said to be grounded when they have privileges denied as the result of misbehavior unconnected with using a vehicle. The noun ground is from a Germanic source meaning earth. Literally and figuratively, ground represents the basis or bottom of something. A ship in shallow water may strike ground. The plural, grounds, denotes the premise or reason on which something rests. For example, â€Å"grounds for divorce, â€Å"objections on religious grounds.† Ground occurs in numerous idioms. Here are just ten. ground rules: the basic rules or principles. For example, â€Å"Establishing the classroom  ground rules  on the first day can provide year-long benefits for your challenging students.†Ã‚   groundswell: a long, deep rolling of the sea caused by a disturbance, possibly originating at the bottom. Figuratively, a ground swell is strong public opinion that seems to be rising from somewhere and becoming stronger. For example, â€Å"Whether New York businessman Donald Trump is serious about running for president or just serious about getting publicity, his groundswell of support in recent weeks is hard to ignore.† ground zero: This expression stems from nuclear testing. â€Å"Ground zero† was the point on the earth’s surface either at or immediately above or below the center of a nuclear explosion. Now it can mean the center of any cataclysmic blast, such as the site of the World Trade Center that was destroyed in 2001. The expression is also used figuratively, as in this reference: â€Å"The Interview - the Hollywood movie that became ground zero in the extortionate cyber attack that U.S. authorities are now blaming on North Korea.†Ã‚   To break new ground: to do something that has never been done before, like a settler digging a foundation for a home in the wilderness. â€Å"Anomalisa filmmakers break new ground with stop-motion drama.† To cut the ground from under someone’s feet: in a debate, to disprove all possible arguments before they can be made by one’s adversary; to leave someone at a loss as to what to do. â€Å"Depression  cuts the ground from under  ones  feet!†Ã‚   To get in on the ground floor: to be involved at the beginning of an enterprise, especially in anticipation of profiting greatly. â€Å"If you are hoping to get in on the ground floor of Maryland’s medical cannabis program, you should not underestimate the importance of this very short comment period.†Ã‚   To put one’s ear to the ground: be on the alert for possible developments on a topic of interest. â€Å"It is not a secret among those who  keep their ears to the ground  in matters political in Michigan that Commissioner Mershon, of the state tax commission,  intends to resign as soon as the new administration takes office.† To go to ground: to make oneself inaccessible for a time, like an animal holing up in its lair. For example, â€Å"Similarly, a proportion of  fugitives  had  gone to ground  because they knew some of their Francoist neighbours were working in tandem with the authorities.†Ã‚   To get off the ground: to begin a project; begin to show success. This newspaper headline plays on both the literal and figurative meanings of â€Å"to get off the ground†: â€Å"In Chicago, rooftop farming is getting off the ground.† To hold one’s ground: to maintain one’s position in the face of opposition or attack. â€Å"A workplace bully may try to verbally pound you into submission. If he insists on getting his way, hold your ground.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartDoes "Mr" Take a Period?Uses of the Past Participle

Customer Service Operations and Excellence Essay - 1

Customer Service Operations and Excellence - Essay Example The ultimate measure quality of any service is the customer’s perception of the service (Heinonen 2009, 10). An organisation is taken as a social system with an economic purpose. Any strategy taken by an organisation has to ensure fit with the environment of operation, has to be distinct in creating a value chain and increasing competiveness, and has to be sustainable. The strategy has to maintain its distinctiveness and the operating environment changes; strategies basically increase customer value while at the same time reducing the cost of the service to the customer (Anderson, Healey & Locke 2005, 14). Therefore, achieving operational excellence in process that support the customer leads to greater customer intimacy, making decisions to be taken in accordance with the needs of the customer, which leads to operational excellence in an organisation. 2.0 Service Process at BOI Bank 2.1 Service Background The service process is in BOI bank. ... Customers have to queue in lines with the most populated line being the deposit /withdrawal line. There are five counters serving this queue; at any one time five people have to be served simultaneously. Besides this, at least 25 people must be lining up at the queue waiting to be serviced with the number ranging from 10 in low business hours, to at least 40 in high business hours. Customers have to queue while standing, which becomes a challenge in long queues, though the old and the handicapped are allowed to bypass such lines to be served directly. Though the bank representative at the counters serve with due diligence and commitment, in some cases customers claim to spend unnecessary longer durations, which impacts on their businesses, while at the same time making them tired. This may be a sign of poor management and lack of maintaining services operational excellence in ensuring customers spend the least time possible in queues. The chart below summarizes the banking process in the banking hall. 2.2 Service Blue Print A blue print is ideal in providing a common point of discussion necessary when developing new services. Baums (1990, 46) argues that blueprint analysis aims at exposing inefficient time usage, unnecessary labor, but may also be used in selection, recruiting and training. These factors have become real challenges to businesses currently and have an impact on inefficient use of time and increased labor costs (Gemler 2011, 26). A business has to balance between having excess employees, which would be an added cost to the company, and time taken by an employee to queue and get services, which requires the two extremes to meet at the customer comfort zone. The queuing theory states the time taken by customers to arrive at a line, or

UNIT 1 science Individual project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 1 science Individual project - Essay Example This revolution meant replacing the economy, which was built on manual labor, to one which is dominated by industry and by manufacturing machinery. This, in turn, led scientists to build more and more machines, tools and buildings with new function, which decreased the workload of workers but also had a negative affect on nature (HighBeam Encyclopedia, 2004). This led to the latter of the revolutions- the Environmental Revolution. The environmental revolution is something which has been taking place and occurring more lately. Since the quantity of research and data proving how detrimental some technologies and machines are is abundant, more and more people are opting to fight for the noble cause of trying to heal our planet and to uproot and stop those responsible for the ecological degradation and increasingly more imminent destruction of our world. These people are called environmentalists, and their purposes include minimizing pollutions, preserving and protecting nature from detrimental people, machines and buildings and fighting to add more ecologic-friendly laws to the constitution and by doing so, legitimizing and reinforcing their claims by legislation. This revolution is closely and tightly bound to the term environmentalism, which is "a concern for the preservation, restoration and improvement of the natural environment, such as the preservation of natural resources, prevention of pollution, and cer tain land use actions". This activism for nature and ecology was first recorded in India 400 years ago, when Indian men embraced death in order to protest and try to stop the cutting of trees in their forest by the kings men of that region. Modern environmentalism started in the mid to late 19th century in the United States with two preservationists starting to fight for the environment. One of them was a writer who writings were read by millions, and therefore became more known to

The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion Essay

The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion - Essay Example The paper "The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion" discovers the experiential retailing as the way of retail brand differentiation. The researchers introduced the photographs, which were taken by the participants as a tool to give more information on the questions. This was effective because the participants were able to communicate dimensions of their lives. Visual images play an important role in the customer behavior in a commercial setting. The research design was suitable for this study, researcher compared two different vintage shop with contrasting sensory environment. Comparison why customer returned to one shop compared to the other. In addition, the sample size was small to gather more information on the question of the study. Interviews were used for this case study, which were long enough to ensure that the questions were satisfactory answered. In addition, there was telephone follow up for clarification of the information. The notes were written down to generate insights in the fashion retailing shop. The photographs were also used to support the written words to add meaning to the information communicated. The sample collection process within the participant was consistent. All participants were given similar digital camera and demonstrated how to use. In addition, the entire participants were met individually to ensure the information provided was according to their own experience. A photograph is very useful because it record things the way they look.

Marketing Mix For Volkswagen Brand Marketing Essay

Marketing Mix For Volkswagen Brand Marketing Essay The Volkswagen Group is one of the worlds leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmakers in Europe. Company owns ten car brands from seven European countries : Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, SKODA, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania and MAN. Besides automotive industry, company operates also in financial sector. Every car brand operates as independent unit with unique portfolio. Products are differentiated from low-consumption small cars to luxury one. Commercial vehicle sector offers ranges from pick-ups to buses made by Volkswagen and heavy trucks made by MAN and Scania. Firm has 94 production plants around entire Europe and 8 in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Labour power is estimated to 501,956 workers worldwide and production to 34,500 vehicles every single day. The Volkswagen Group exists in 153 countries so far. TASK 1 A  business  strategy  typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a  business  will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. In a standard  business  plan, the  business strategy  results from goals established to support the stated mission of the  business. A typical business  strategy  is developed in three steps: analysis, integration and implementation. In the analysis step of  business  strategy  development, one of several methods is used to analyze a firms market, resources, obstacles to success and specific advantages. The goal of strategic analysis  is to identify what a  business  wants to accomplish, the strengths it can bring to bear on accomplishing the goal and weaknesses that need to be addressed prior to integration and implementation. Strategic assessment methodologies can include evaluating the  business  environment, gaming various competitive scenarios, determining what market forces are at work and rating competitors, among others. Integrating a  business  strategy  usually is one of many steps in a larger  business planning process. A  business  plan begins with an overall vision. From the vision, a  mission statement for the  business  is constructed, usually the shorter and more precise the better. A mission leads to specific goals the  business  will achieve to accomplish its mission and that in turn leads to  strategy  to achieve goals. Specific tactics are usually then developed to support the business  strategy. Porters five forces model illustrated in Figure below helps to measure the industrys attractiveness by examining the threat of new competitors and substitutes, the 13 bargaining power of buyers and suppliers and the degree of rivalry between existing competitors. (Porter 1984, 24) Porters five forces emphasizes the external scanning which indicates the opportunities and threats in the markets.(Wheeler Hunger 2006) An opportunity or threat could be events or trends that may affect the company in a positive or negative way when certain strategic actions are followed. (Aaker 1995, 21) These five forces shape the attractiveness of an industry and particularly that the company can make use of these five forces to gain sustainable competitive advantage in the market of competition. This influences the barriers of entry in the industry which includes issue like companys economic size, the product differentiation, demand for capital, and access to supply chain etc. (Porter 1984, 25-48). The first force of the model is the threat of entry of new competitors. This threat decreases the attractiveness of the industry by increasing the level. The industry structure analyses also the threat of substitute products. According to Aaker (1995) substitutes are manufactured by parties identified as competitors but with less concentration on the main industry. And these manufactures have strong 14influence over the profitability of market. The substitutes are able to provide the same requirement as the main competitors. As the substitutes can help a company to improve its price strategy and performance, the customer could choose their product without making any loss in costs. (Porter 1984, 44-46) The bargain power from buyer provide the possibility of the customer to press down price and ask more service which will decrease the profitability of a company and influence the overall business. The characteristics of an industry dominated by customers are through high volume purchase and compared lowest prices. (Porter1984, 46-48) The bargaining power of suppliers exists in markets which are highly concentrated on selling in different segments and customers. The supplier may dominate markets by increase the price level or decrease the products or service quality. The supplier can also affect the profitability of an industry where the cost level cant be covered by increasing prices by using this technique. The suppliers have dominance in the market with opposite circumstance to industry dominated by buyers. (Porter 1984, 49-50) The last element in Porters model is the degree of rivalry between existing competitors. This consists of forms of rivalry such as price competition, new product development, improved customer service and better guarantees. The defending actions against competitors are results of being threatened. The intensity of rivalry is due to various structural factors, such as the number of competitors in an industry, or whether the industry is declining or growing, or companys strategic contributions. (Porter 1984, 38-44) P5F.JPG Figure shows Porters Five Force Model (Porter 1984, 24) Pest analysis stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural and Technological analysis. It describes a framework of macro-environmental factors for environmental scanning. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation. (Wheelen Hunger 2006, 73-79) Political Volkswagen outsources a great deal of their manufacturing outside the Europe in continents such as Asia, Africa and South America. Due to these countries being considered as booming economies, government may encourage local residents to try minimizing purchasing products from abroad, but instead use locally produced products in order to maintain the situation of the home market and make a higher value of the GDP. However, these or any other legal or political constraints should not be a significant barricade to continue outsourcing and/or sales in foreign markets. In certain countries such as Denmark and Norway car insurance and registration alone can amount to the price of the car itself. These rules and regulations are becoming ever-increasingly popular and pose a threat to sales of cars in other Scandinavian markets and places which seek to follow such a trend. Almost all of the regulations come from consumers increasing concerns for the environment and the concern for safer automobiles. (Highfill, Copus, Smith, 2004) Economic As an advantage to Volkswagen few markets which proved to show a decline in salesmainly in Spain, which proved to show a decline of 16.8 %. Taken as a whole, sales of VW however, were on the increase- despite overall motor industry taking a dive. VW sales increased in W. Europe by 8.6 % improved sales figures. The main brands which contributed to the sales were Audi, Skoda, Bentley and the VW commercial vehicles. Sales of the VW passenger cars, such as the VW Sharan van grow tremendously in regions/ markets such as Central and Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific and North America. The percentage growth of the following markets is as follows: Asia Pacific with 17.4 % North America had a significant growth of 21.4 % Central and Eastern Europe with a larger 29.7 % Although the most part of the growth came from the Central and Eastern European markets, there proved a decline within the Polish market. As the following figures will indicate, the Polish appear to have opted for the more cost-focused car brand, from the Volkswagen Group- the Skoda. This goes to prove that the Polish customers are evidently beginning to become more cost-focused. This is the strategy the Volkswagen Group use, to aim cost-focused clients with the Skoda and for those seeking more luxury at an affordable cost it offers the clients the range from the Volkswagen product portfolio. Social Poland is doing fine during economic crisis compare to other European countries. There are few reasons for this situation. Firstly, it is a big country with huge and cheap labor power. There are almost 40 million of habitants in Poland, so it is attractive market for foreign companies. Secondly, taxation rate is relative low comparing it to for instance Denmark. Finally, location of Poland makes this country competitive. Poland is settled up between Germany and Russia, two powerful markets but in the same time close to Scandinavia due to sea connection. Poles perceive Volkswagen brand as a car maker which produces stable, affordable and reliable cars. It is based on German hard-working spirit and precision, that is why Volkswagen cars are very popular nowadays also in aftermarket. Another advantage of having car from German manufacturer is the slowest ratio of value loss among other automotive companies. (Business in Poland Law, tax and banking, 2006) Technological Volkswagen has 94 production plants worldwide and additional 8 in Americas, Asia and South Africa. There are two production facilities in Poland. One is responsible for making parts for various models, while the other one makes commercial vehicle called Transporter. Main materials that company uses to produce cars are. Company intensively focuses on developing new technologies and innovation to become the most economical and ecological car producer in the world. Directly quoting words of board chairman, Martin Winterkorn it seems that company is aiming for the leader position within automotive industry. Till 2016 we would like to invest 62,4 mld Euro for Research Development to become number one. . Moreover, company aim also for renewable energy sources like water, wind and sun. German car manufacturer brings practical assistance service for example Park Lane, which make car seeking for space and park afterwards. Another example could be a Temporary Auto Pilot which control car under 130 km per hour. Together with Lane Assist car stays on same lane, so driver can do something else in same time. Above sentences proof that Volkswagen is consequently developing new technologies to make cars better, more ecological, more economical, more technology advanced and remaining affordable to every customer. Without doubts firm is one of the most leading if it comes to innovation in industry. (Volkswagen Technology). TASK 2 Inbound logistics: In general automotive industry right now is mainly using materials like steel, plastic, copper etc . By time going and constant innovation process and ecology care make this materials gets slowly substitute by other materials like aluminum, lithium and even cobalt. Volkswagen do not owe any mining subsidiaries therefore is addicted to suppliers. To secure production continuity company has to secure process of getting raw materials. That is why German manufacturer come up with raw materials strategy. This includes IT system called Central Procurement and Treasury System. Operations: An operation is the process of putting raw materials together and producing the final product. In this case Volkswagen operations process takes place in factories that company possesses. There are 94 production facilities in different locations. Company believes in systematic localization so productions plants can handle themselves the value added process. This process of international outsourcing allows reducing currency risks, transport and duties. Outbound logistics: This section focuses on delivering product to the retailers, outlets, stores or DTC. Firstly it is important to state that company has own logistics department called Volkswagen Logistics which deliver products to Volkswagen outlets. As it was stated before different productions facilities produces various parts and models. From those facilities cars are ready to be transported into outlets. Volkswagen Logistics uses mainly road transport and big trucks to transport ready to use products. Marketing and Sales: This section describes pricing, promotion and selling the final product within value chain. Volkswagen makes adverts spots independently. Usually spots describe specific product or new technology invented to the car. They are played on TV stations, Internet websites, YouTube. Social services where Volkswagen exists like Facebook and Twitter allow users to share experiences with Volkswagen brand. It is a great tool to create a relationship or brand loyalty with actual customers and acquire new one. http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/images/value-chain-fig1.jpg Figure shows a Value Chain SWOT analysis provides the strengths and weaknesses as an internal factor of the company and Opportunities and Threats for the external environment of the company. Any company has to change its strategic planning according to the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis will also help the company to analyze the prospects after the acquisition of a Chinese car company. Strengths Volkswagen has strong position in the Chinese market as it has a long experience in this market. Volkswagen has a strong brand portfolio; a good mix of luxury models are included in its portfolio and German engineering with competitive pricing will make a big difference. Volkswagen has a strong research and development department which continuously works for the improvement in the quality, functionality and environmental compatibility. Volkswagen design team can come up with the customize design which will suit the customers of China. Weakness Poor performance in Africa and North America can be issue for concern for Volkswagen. Operational inefficiency and weaker productivity are other reasons for concern for Volkswagen as it has relatively low employee productivity compared to its competitors. Opportunities There is encouraging rate of growth in the Chinese car market. Chinese car market has reached $98 million in 2008. Market consumption has reached to 7.4 million units in 2008 which is an increase of 17.8% compared to previous year. The volume of market is expected to reach 13 million by year 2013 (Datamonitor, 2010). Threats Increase in the production cost due to the increase in the raw material prices. Increase in the government rules regarding the labor may also increase the prices. Increase in the competition may cause price wars due to which there will be fall in prices. There is enormous growth potential in the automotive industry in China and in the coming few years, various factors will derive the demand. There are enormous growth prospects in Chinas car market, the rate of car ownership is low and financial industry for automobiles is immature. As China is a developing country, its economy is expected to increase rapidly, it is least expected that the car industry will grow in a steady or balanced way. The car registration rate rose in 2002 and 2003 was 63% and 70% which were not sustained and the growth rate was moderate in 2004 with 16% and further modest in 2005. This slowdown of growth coincided with the huge investment in the productive field which led to the decline in the prices. However a utomotive sector recovered very strongly with the growth rate of 30% in 2006 and 24% growth rate in 2007 respectively (Automotive Industry Report, 2009). TASK 3 Marketing Mix for Volkswagen Brand For brand strategy of Volkswagen there is involvement of first P according to marketing mix is Product as described in model. The product in this model is defined as that combination of services and goods sell to the customers by the company or organisation in target market (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). From analysis it is found that product is also a part of Brand name. Design and quality are the main product features that possess variety in them. Here an example can be quoted for a brand of Volkswagen Touareg that has been sold in India comprises of a package of seating, engine, breaks and engine etc. (Volkswagen India, 2009). Hence for product strategy the company is equipped with variety and design in their products including warrant for them which in turn results in good response from the customers and make them satisfied and bring loyalty in them. The second P in this model if marketing mix is price. Price is of a product or service is defined as that amount which is paid by customer to the organisation or company for buying their products or services offered to them (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). While discussing the price strategy it has been found that there are 61 dealership offers high prices for the products to sell in India as compared to their rivals like Honda city and Ford, but there is variation that the company charge interest rate by 4.5 5.0 % instead of other rivals make with 8% or more as a loans given by banks or building societies of other rival car makers. This facility is attributed by the Volkswagen financial Services that aided to support the sales of the company to their customers. There is next P for the marketing mix is Place that is also very crucial in Brand management. The place usually referred to that place where there is availability of products of company to their customers. As in concerned to Volkswagen the company involved in using dealers and distributors for the purpose of the sales of their products. There are two modes for the dealers to get authorised either through franchised or direct ownership of company. For the company their network related to their dealers is very important and is maintained in a proper way because the product of the company are introduced through them to the customers, hence it is very important. In the views of Kotler 2005 the company usually share their losses and profits both with their dealers for purpose to maintain the quality of cost leadership. At present the Volkswagen has fine relationship with their dealers in India and also involve in the dealing of their products with Skoda with 61 leaders (Top News, 2010). The last and fourth one P is Promotion. The promotion has variance in their objectives that has to be achieved in market. The promotion is usually handled with the tool of advertisement. The promotions for customers are added through the advertisement that results in the excitement among them. The aim of promotion is to pull in target consumers. These promotions are based on the scheme of non profit but in turn results in the profit for the company (Bradley, 1993). For example the Volkswagen Company in year 2009 has launched a promotion named Pre Monsoon campaign published by Motor beam, 2009. This promotion is for the purpose to establish the brand of company India. In India the company offered a variety of range of services to their customers and fro this company is getting profit from the promotions of the company brand. Market development According to Reiziger (et al, 2003) when a company took entrance into a new market and launch themselves by introducing existing products this is came to know as the development of market, and the main aim of the company is to lure the customers from the their existing competitors in that exiting market i.e. new market. The company Volkswagen has got the entry into Indian market in 2007 by launching their product Jetta, then after two years in 2009 the company has launched two new cars in market with their existing brand using the brand value in market these cars are ionic beetle and the Touarge sedans (Volkswagen India, 2010). Diversification Again in the views of Reizger (2003) this is the entrance of any new company with having the launch of their new product under its own brand is termed to be diversification. This strategy is commonly recognised as most risky one as there is introduction of two new entities one is market and other one is product. For the Volkswagen diversification is not so risky, as it has already successfully launched a variety of cars in the market with its own brand and in accordance with its brand image and with every brand it has inched higher and created sense of the demand in the market on every launch of new products. Most currently the company has as innovation there are four new car that has gone to be launched in 2012 and these new coming products are SUVW, Couple, Up and Blue Sport (Volkswagen, 2010). CONCLUSION Volkswagen is a successful company with long history and well-known brand name. Firm tries to continue tradition from decade as a people car with putting innovation to it. Such successful company like Volkswagen is can aim for the bigger goals. With power and support of the Volkswagen Group firm has a chance to dominate automotive sector. Carried internal marketing and external marketing audit proofed that it is really hard to find a weakness within company structure. To remain successful on the market company have to use winning strategy. No matter what are the circumstances Volkswagen still have to put additional resources for research and development of the newest technology and maintain current labor power and structures within Human Resource Management. Make their products better and better in order to compete with other automotive companies. And finally deal with long term issues like how to substitute petrol. APPENDIX http://www.seeklogo.com/images/V/Volkswagen-logo-F2A46D9A81-seeklogo.com.gif http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT4wE65k57GIDmexFeoF3r7IHdy2mhBUw7aiyb79vnjeeZwYnfkdw Figure shows the 1st model of Volkswagen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/1st-Volkswagen-Jetta-Sedan.jpg http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7JKyGkitlyAsnNvL7B_q5aF5goOl8utO5su5BRnzWOVuRC5JJ Latest model of volkswagen

Use of Angels in Smith’s Annunciation and Plath’s Black Rook in Rainy W

Use of Angels in Smith’s Annunciation and Plath’s Black Rook in Rainy Weather  Ã‚   Since biblical times, people have looked to angels as sources of comfort, inspiration, protection, and solace. Yet very little is said in the Bible about what angels actually are; the Bible focuses mainly on their deeds, and leaves their nature to the imagination. Consequently, few people really understand them, and the very notion of angels is a rather open-ended idea subject to personal interpretation and design. Poets, never ones to let a chance at interpretation go by, have written about angels, using them as both subject and metaphor. Two poems of note where angels are used as metaphors are "Annunciation", by Kay Smith and "Black Rook in Rainy Weather", by Sylvia Plath. In these poems, angels are referenced not for their own sake, but rather for the metaphorical meanings which the reader may glean from them. In "Annunciation", Smith uses an angel to represent greatness left pursued yet unattained a life, while Plath uses angels to represent unusual occurences which brighten or a dd meaning to an otherwise dreary life. "Annunciation" begins with a note about the standard artistic depiction of the Annunciation, in which the angel Gabriel appears to the Virgin Mary to declare that she will be the Mother of God. Smith notes that in paintings of the event, Mary is always reading a book; she seems trying to keep her place in the book, despite the arrival and great presence of Gabriel. In the poem, Smith herself paints a portrait of a young girl at a crossroads: two girls at a museum in Italy on some sort of trip. "We two sometimes women" (line 20) implies that the girls are fairly young, but since they seem to be alone together they have likel... ...vene in the lives of the faithful in times of trial. Plath uses angels as a metaphor for strength and hope in a time of darkness. Angels are so commonly felt but poorly understood that it is possible to attach many different meanings to them. In poetry, angels can represent a spectrum of ideas and feelings, from awe to hope to strength to fear, just to list a few examples. In "Annunciation", Kay Smith uses the majesty and biblical significance of the angel Gabriel to represent a feeling of greatness and destiny that the speaker let slip through her grasp. In "Black Rook in Rainy Weather", Sylvia Plath uses angels to symbolize the brightness and hope that make an otherwise bleak and dreary life livable. Clearly, angels, like our lives themselves, can have whatever meaning we choose endow upon them. "In the arms of the angels, may you find some comfort here."

Pbsl1114Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory Report

PBSL1114 Physiology for Human Movement Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory Report Student ID 2010004614 Due date and Value: This report must be submitted as a soft copy via email to [email  protected] hk no later than 5:00 pm 4 April 2012. Penalties apply for late submission, see course outline for details. You must attend the laboratory session to get a mark for the related report. References used when answering questions must appear in a reference list at the end of your report. Value: This report contributes 10% of your final grade. RESULTS Subject name: Cheng Yat HinSex: 0MF (circle)Age: 21 Table 1. Heart Rate (HR), sitting, lying and standing Time (min)HR (b. min-1) Sitting HR (readings 3 minutes post-sitting BP determination)3:0075 3:0577 3:1080 3:1580 3:2080 3:2580 3:3076 Mean sitting HR78. 29 Lying HR (5 minutes after lying down)5:0070 5:0570 5:1068 5:1568 5:2070 5:2569 5:3069 Mean Lying HR69. 14 Standing HR- immediately after standing from lying0:00104 -10 sec after standin g from lying0:1084 – 20 sec after standing from lying0:2086 – 30 sec after standing from lying0:3088 Standing HR- 2 min after standing from lying80 Table 2.Blood Pressure (BP), sitting, lying and standing. BP readerSystolic BP (mmHg)Diastolic BP (mmHg)MAP (mmHg) Sitting BP11227490 21207489. 33 31237188. 33 41237289 51217489. 67 Mean sitting BP121. 87389. 27 Sitting BP (automated BP monitor)1087082. 67 Trial Lying BP 11035269 2985670 Mean Lying BP100. 55469. 5 Standing BP Standing BP – ASAP after standing from lying12989102. 33 Standing BP – 2 min after standing from lying1208395. 33 Rebreathing air from a paper bag. Resting sitting HR pre-breathing into bag:75 (b. min-1) HR after 30 seconds breathing into bag: 70 (b. in-1) HR after 120 seconds breathing into bag:75 (b. min-1) Human diving response. Water Temperature: 17 o C HR (b. min-1)Systolic BP (mmHg)Diastolic BP (mmHg)MAP (mm Hg) Pre-immersion (immersion position)711187388 At 30-sec immersion (1)4314 67699. 33 At 30-sec immersion (2)511298197 Average deviation of immersion values from pre-immersion value-2419. 56. 510. 165 QUESTIONS (marks shown in brackets: total = 30, percent of final grade = 10%): Answers must not be longer than the number of lines stated at the end of each question (10 pt font minimum).Answers exceeding the stated limits will receive a mark of zero. Use your own words. This is an individual report. Plagiarism (e. g. , copying or lending answers, not referencing sources) will be penalized. Marks will be deducted if you break any of these rules. Include the references you used in a list at the end of your report. 1. Marks for data recording (correctly/neatly) and calculations (DO NOT ANSWER) _____ (5) 2. Are the relationships between resting values for HR while lying, sitting and standing (2-minute post-lying value) what would be expected?Justify your response. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) From lying to sitting to standing, the resting HR is expected to increase, which the effect is shown in the subject (lying mean value = 69. 14 bpm, sitting mean value = 78. 29 bpm and standing after 2 min = 80 bpm). From lying to sitting to standing, more blood is pulled downward by gravity to the lower part of the body, making less venous return thus lowering the stroke volume. To compensate the decrease of SV thus to maintain the cardiac output, HR increases. 3.Are the relationships between resting values for BP while lying, sitting and standing (2-minute post-lying value) what would be expected? Justify your response. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) The blood pressure should gradually rise from lying to sitting to standing, which is observed in the subject (MAP of lying: 69. 5mmHg, sitting: 82. 67 mmHg and standing: 95. 33 mmHg). From lying to sitting to standing, more blood is pulled downward by gravity to the lower part of the body. To push the blood upward so as to maintain enough blood flow to the brain, blood pressure needs to increa se for working against the effect of gravity. . Explain the changes observed in HR and BP during the period following the subject moving from lying to standing. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) When the subject moving from lying to standing, BP should drop momentarily and HR should rise. The drop in BP is due to the pooling of blood in the lower part of the body. After sensing the drop in BP, the baroreceptor increases HR by the control of SNS and PNS. Then BP should rise again as the result of increased HR. The change is not seen in the subject. It might be due to other factors like the psychological factors masking the effect, or errors in measurement. . Were the observed changes in HR when your subject was rebreathing air from a paper bag as expected? Explain your answer with reference to what was expected and why. (maximum 4 line response)(5 marks) The rise in HR is expected when the subject is rebreathing air. The expectation is due to the increased CO2 concentration in the expired air will increase the blood PCO2, which be noticed by the chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. The receptors will then relay the information to CNS and indirectly leads to the increase in HR by autonomic nervous system.But the effect is not observed in the subject. 6. What is the human diving response? Did your subject show the diving response? (maximum 4 line response)(5 marks) Human diving response is the increase in MAP and decrease in HR as a result of breath holding and the reflex after the face touched water. This is done by the increased parasympathetic activities to the heart pacemaker cells (lower HR), increased sympathetic activities to limbs leading to vasoconstriction in the limbs (increase MAP). The subject showed the diving response, as there is a egative change in HR and a positive change in MAP 30s after immersion List of references used 1. http://ep. physoc. org/content/23/1/1. full. pdf+html 2. http://www. livestrong. com/article/307646-posture-hear t-rate/ 3. http://www. livestrong. com/article/268891-heart-rate-body-positions/ 4. http://www. livestrong. com/article/299614-blood-pressure-supine-vs-standing/ 5. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aortic_body 6. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cartoid_body 7. http://www. mendeley. com/research/mechanism-human-diving-response/

Critical Thinking and Language †Business Management Research Paper

Critical Thinking and Language – Business Management Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Critical Thinking and Language Business Management Research Paper Language is a big part of the way we communicate with each other, and with the world getting smaller, communication between cultures has become ever more important. In business and personal, we need to have as good understanding as possible of our own native tongue. I will cover something I do using metaphors, language an language diversity, and the empowerment or lack of due to language. Programming is an aspect of my life that is stimulating like the light to the darkness. It allows my creative side to run free like the wind. I can turn an idea into a program that can stimulate the mind, unwind the mind, or simplify a task. All three have a harmonious relationship that we all have tasks to do, most of us try to do them efficiently, and when all is said and done, at the end of the day, we unwind. When computers came into existence they fascinated us, because of what they could do, and the possibilities they offered. From real estate to space computers and the software that runs on them, have changed the way we do our day-to-day activities. For example, we can drive from state to state and talk on a cell phone or listen to digital satellite radio, without commercials or fading. A computer is nothing without software to accomplish the task or to fulfill a Desire that Is a Hunger to a company in need. This where I come in to for someone to throw an idea my way and find the solution then write the program. Language is 50% of the overall way we communicate. The effect of language to the thinking process goes hand and hand, since the culture brings with it a range of beliefs, views, and prejudices. The tribe gives guidance on what to say and how to say it, which effects on the way we think. For example, a particular culture (A) feels there is nothing wrong with speaking street talk and not proper English, and then in turn that group of people could act as they speak. Other cultures that interact with culture (A), may look down on them for being ignorant, or less educated. Thinking is a process by which we interact with our surroundings, language effects this by how an individual views his/her surroundings. Then after assessing the area how we act on those surroundings. As a person goes through the challenges of life, their ability to handle them or even learn from one’s mistakes can be hampered by lack of communication. The better the language is mastered the more open the mind and thought processes becomes. Allowing to see everything that one comes into contact with from a new perspective. Language diversity can broaden one’s thinking process by being open to more than one way of thinking. To learn multiple languages, the individual has to change the way of processing the words, sentence structure, and even the alphabet. Learning many languages can be very helpful, but mastering the native tongue to its fullest can be just as enriching. When an individual has limited language, their thoughts are also limited, by the lack of words and ways of expression. The better the understanding of a language, with the wide array of words to choose from can increase one’s ability of expression. Language is a big part of the way we communicate with each other, and with the world getting smaller, communication between cultures has become ever more important. In business and personal, we need to have as good understanding as possible of our own native tongue. I covered something I do using metaphors, language an language diversity, and the empowerment or lack of due to language. Research Papers on Critical Thinking and Language - Business Management Research PaperAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperQuebec and CanadaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office System19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Free Essays on Farenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury is a futuristic novel, taking the reader to a time where books and thinking are outlawed. In a time so dreadful where those who want to better themselves by thinking and by reading are outlaws as well. Books are burned physically, and ideas are burned from the mind. Bradbury uses literary devices, such as symbolism, but it is the idea he wants to convey that makes this novel so devastating. Bradbury warns us of what may happen if we stop expressing our ideas, and we let people take away our books, and thoughts. That is what he is speaking out against. Bradbury incorporates symbolism into his book. He expresses it through the symbols the hearth and the salamander, the phoenix, and the great fire. Bradbury's use of symbolism throughout the novel makes the book moving and powerful. The Hearth and the Salamander, the title of part one, is the first example of symbolism. The title suggests two things having to do with fire. The hearth is a source of warmth and goodness, showing the positive, non-destructive side of fire. Whereas a salamander, a small lizard-like amphibian, and also in mythology, is known to withstand fire without getting burnt by it. Perhaps the salamander is symbolic of Guy Montag, who is being described as a salamander because he works with fire, and endures it, but believes that he can escape the fire and survive. On the other hand, ironically, the other firemen believed that they were salamanders too because they thought they were immune to the all might flames, when in the end it were the flames that destroyed them. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. This quote accurately describes the Phoenix, "It is known to be a mythical multi-colored bird of Arabia, with a long history of artistic and literary symbolism, the Phoenix is one of a kind. At the end of its five-hundred-year existence, it perches on its nest of spices and sings until sun... Free Essays on Farenheit 451 Free Essays on Farenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury is a futuristic novel, taking the reader to a time where books and thinking are outlawed. In a time so dreadful where those who want to better themselves by thinking and by reading are outlaws as well. Books are burned physically, and ideas are burned from the mind. Bradbury uses literary devices, such as symbolism, but it is the idea he wants to convey that makes this novel so devastating. Bradbury warns us of what may happen if we stop expressing our ideas, and we let people take away our books, and thoughts. That is what he is speaking out against. Bradbury incorporates symbolism into his book. He expresses it through the symbols the hearth and the salamander, the phoenix, and the great fire. Bradbury's use of symbolism throughout the novel makes the book moving and powerful. The Hearth and the Salamander, the title of part one, is the first example of symbolism. The title suggests two things having to do with fire. The hearth is a source of warmth and goodness, showing the positive, non-destructive side of fire. Whereas a salamander, a small lizard-like amphibian, and also in mythology, is known to withstand fire without getting burnt by it. Perhaps the salamander is symbolic of Guy Montag, who is being described as a salamander because he works with fire, and endures it, but believes that he can escape the fire and survive. On the other hand, ironically, the other firemen believed that they were salamanders too because they thought they were immune to the all might flames, when in the end it were the flames that destroyed them. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. This quote accurately describes the Phoenix, "It is known to be a mythical multi-colored bird of Arabia, with a long history of artistic and literary symbolism, the Phoenix is one of a kind. At the end of its five-hundred-year existence, it perches on its nest of spices and sings until sun...

Discuss how eukaryotic organisms came into existence Coursework

Discuss how eukaryotic organisms came into existence - Coursework Example The study of the origin of the eukaryotes is a dynamic branch of this science, and much research has taken place in order to try and explain the development of this unique and structurally and functionally distinct class of organisms (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). There are many theories and models regarding this debate, and many of those models are conflicting in nature (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). This paper purports to discuss the most commonly accepted and relevant models of the origin of eukaryotes, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and presenting a conclusion about the needs for future research into this field, and the specific parameters that should be aimed for in that future research. Discussion/Body: Let us begin our discussion with an understanding of a eukaryotic organism. The eukaryotic organisms, as opposed to the prokaryotic cells, have originated rather recently in the history of evolution (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). ... is no structurally developed control center like the nucleus of the eukaryotes (White, 2006), and the organelles, if present, are simple and non-membranous (White, 2006). Such organisms had the capability of surviving in the harshest of environments, as was necessary in the early development of the world’s ecosystems (White, 2006). They reproduced by simple binary fission (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) and could metabolise with or without the availability of oxygen (White, 2006), using a variety of chemicals as substrates for metabolism. In contrast, the eukaryotes are defined by the presence of a well-defined nucleus, which is membrane bound (White, 2006). There are a variety of organelles, which are complex in nature and many are also membrane-bound (White, 2006); the division of labour is enhanced and made more efficient in the eukaryotes (White, 2006). Such organisms are increasingly oxygen-dependent (White, 2006), and have a reduced capability to withstand extremes of enviro nments, requiring a more stable environment around them (White, 2006). There is a general consensus of scientific opinion that the eukaryotes came into being by the ‘fusion’ (Rivera & Lake, 2004) or ‘association’ (Rivera & Lake, 2004) of different prokaryotic organisms (Rivera & Lake, 2004). Unfortunately, the consensus of opinion is limited till here. From this conjecture, several theories have arisen in an effort to best explain the behavior of eukaryotes, both genetically and phenotypically. Two of the most common models are the ‘nucleus and mitochondria co-origin’ (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) model and the ‘nucleus-first, mitochondria-later’ (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) model. Let us study the co-origin model first. Scientists supporting the co-origin model claim that a fusion

Case Study Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study Assignment - Essay Example The automobile manufacturing industry is globalised by its very nature. Several industry analysts and marketing scholars have affirmed the aforementioned, arguing that with very few exceptions, car manufacturers look towards the global market, identify segments therein and seek to create a niche for themselves within that expansive, borderless market (Dickson-Simpson, 2007; Schweinsberg et al., 2007; Van Acker and Uludag, 2007). It is a globalised industry due to the universal nature of its product, the fact that not all countries have a domestic automobile manufacturing industry, and that variant and divergent consumer cost, design and quality requirements cannot be satisfied by a limited number of manufactures (Dickson-Simpson, 2007; Schweinsberg et al., 2007; Van Acker and Uludag, 2007). In other words, the very nature of the industry, product, market trends and consumer demands have determined this as a global and globalised industry. Consequently, being a global industry, the su rvival of firms within is dependant upon the accurate identification of the industry's threats and opportunities and the extent to which a company's operations are, themselves, globalised. The imperatives of Daimler Chrysler's evolving into a truly global automobile manufacturer may be established through a detailed industry analysis using Porter's Five Forces. Proceeding first with the factor of rivalry, one finds that within the context of this industry rivalry is extremely high and is intensifying as a direct outcome to the formation of horizontal alliances between budget and high-end manufacturers for the explicit purpose of cutting down on costs. Not only is rivalry intense but it is intensifying due to the emergence, not only of new industry players but of alliances which may be identified as a bid by smaller firms to become market leaders. For example, Fiat is allying itself with Tata, an Indian automobile manufacturer, fir the explicit purpose of supplying developing markets with the much demanded cheap/economy automobiles. Similarly, GM is forming an alliance with Daewoo for the production of an economic Chevrolet model in South Korea. The implication here is that even in the absence of direct mergers and takeovers, manufactures are teaming up for the design and manufacture of models as would expand their existing market shares in particular automobile market segments. As one looks towards Daimler, one finds that it has not, in its marriage with Chrysler, embraced the imperatives of globalisation for the purpose of maximising its competitive edge. Chrysler is not a manufacturer of budget automobiles and its production costs are high. It is, furthermore, just as the case with Daimler, centred in an industrialised market. This means that the aforementioned marriage has not expanded Daimler's global market presence and has certainly not allowed it to cut down on production costs and to venture into different segments of the automobile market. In other words, whereas competitors are forming alliances which facilitate the realisation of the latter mentioned goal, thereby giving them a competitive advantage over rivals, Daimler has not. Within the context of the stated, it falls short of being a global company, despite its presence in the global market place. As regards the second of Porter's Five Forces, the global nature of the industry has made the threat

Wal-Mart Information Technology Systems Support Case Study

Wal-Mart Information Technology Systems Support - Case Study Example A purchase at any store is reflected at the nerve center within 15 minutes and within an hour, the company has a complete picture of its sales including which among the 690 million items across its stores sell the most. This clarity in the company’s performance in real-time is responsible for seamless operations on such a grand scale. Cash register receipts, for example, are backed up in the system and retained for two years. Having such a rich pool of data on shoppers helps Wal-Mart know their customer’s buying trends are enabling the company to treat each of their hundreds of million customers as individuals. The sales statistics of products at Wal-Mart are monitored to the last item, something that gives the company an edge over its competitors because improvements based on this data can be made in the shortest time possible. The Wal-Mart system even goes further to track weather and matches that data with buying patterns. This information allows the retailer to place enough orders for items purchased during a hurricane, for example, so that by the time such a disaster hits, shoppers have enough supply of the much-needed items. Another unique aspect of the Wal-Mart system is its ability to be shared to a limited extent, with suppliers. This IT system has a provider link that shows them the position of their items in real-time at all stores across the world where such products are stocked. With this data, suppliers can make product flows such that the right products are delivered to the right store in time. Having their systems opened up to suppliers brings trust between them and the company as they can transparently monitor the performance of their products from the comfort of their respective premises.

Professional Weight Trainer Essay Example for Free

Professional Weight Trainer Essay Primarily, to be a professional weight trainer, one must be equipped with the proper characteristic needed for the profession, one must also be knowledgeable of the important facts that a professional weight trainer should know. Therefore, it is not just about being a muscle man but also about having brains right enough to teach their trainees. A professional weight trainer must be skilled with the body system. They must know how the various muscles in the body work; must also be knowledgeable with the various bodybuilding techniques. They must also be fully familiar with the facts on diet and nutrition before they set about of becoming a professional weight trainer.   A good professional body builder should recommend to their trainees depending on their age to do some test as a general check-up before starting on the regime. This is very important to see if the trainee has some cardiovascular disorders, which disqualifies them to proceed with the training (Erstad Family Medicine). Moreover, a professional weight trainer must consider not only the general health of the trainee as previously mentioned but also the resistance of the trainee to exercise and the science of the muscular system of the body during the physical work out. The knowledge of teaching the methodologies of basic training is also important for trainers to possess. Finally, patience and perseverance is what it takes to be a professional weight trainer. It takes a lot of patience especially when the trainee has not met its progress; perseverance is always a virtue. The following is an outline of the things that a professional weight trainer needs to  consider: An outline on what it takes to be a Professional Weight Trainer: I. Education on how the body functions A. The muscle structure and function II. Diet and Nutrition A. Importance of Water III. General Health Consideration IV. Proper Values A. Patience and Perseverance I. Education on how the body functions A. The muscle structure and function Our bodies all have different percent and numbers of muscle fiber types and motor units. It is important that trainers know that the three classification of fiber types and motor units function differently: 1). the ‘red slow twitch’ fibers that have substantial energy storage while possessing little in the way of strength; 2). the ‘red fast twitch’ fibers possessing an equal measure of both energy and strength; 3). are ‘white fast twitch’ fibers possessing substantial strength while maintaining little in the way of energy storage (Anderson How to build muscle base on your body type). They may have similar structures but these fiber types occur in varying proportion from individual to individual through genetic predisposition. Therefore, if an individual possess a greater percentage of one of the fiber types will be more inclined to excel in activities, which require strength and endurance. For example, those having more white fast twitch fibers will likely experience greater success in achieving size and strength increase while those individuals with more red fast twitch fibers will likely perform best in incremental events requiring some degree or combination of strength muscle endurance. Moreover, those having more red slow twitch fibers will likely perform best in events demanding muscular and aerobic endurance (Anderson How to build muscle base on your body type). II. Diet and Nutrition If the client is on a high protein diets, large quantities of water must be consumed in to remove ammonia and urea toxins. Dieters are urged to drink a gallon of water or more per day to pass urea and in order to avoid dehydration, constipation, and abnormal heart rhythms. According to the American Kidney Foundation, high protein diets can cause kidney scarring, because of the extra waste that has to be processed. Furthermore, according to the American Heart Association, the diet should be15 to 20 percent protein and only 10 percent of all fats from saturated sources ( Kelly 15). A. Importance of Water Water maintains body temperature and let 50% of all chemical reactions to happen in the body. It is also responsible for the movement of nutrients, digestion, absorption, circulation, and the excretion of wastes.   Body temperature and heart rate increase during periods of dehydration. You can easily reduce all of these potential health threats by simply getting into the habit of drinking more water, at least 8 to 10 glasses daily (Kelly 25). What makes us thirsty then? Sodium is responsible for fluid retention and holds the key to why we thirst. When fluids are lost and sodium remains, there is a steady increase in the concentrations of sodium in the blood. When the concentration reaches a certain level, the thirst centers in the brain are signaled to create the sensation of thirst. Upon the ingestion of additional fluids, the sodium concentration is reduced down to acceptable levels shutting down the thirst center in the brain (Darcy 150). III. General Health Consideration The overall all health condition of the client must be first assessed to avoid any further complication. A general check-up with a doctor is needed to see if the client is suffering from a cardiovascular disorder, which if not detected may lead to serious health risks. It must the prerogative of the trainer to know the age of the client that he will be training for him to assess which kind program is appropriate for that particular age. It will then be also beneficial to the client because the chosen program will be right for him and he will not have a hard time reaching his weight goals (Klein Little Big Men). A trainer must aware of the two main categories resistance exercise routines. Resistance routines that are considered a circuit or a split, and routines that are goal oriented. The term â€Å"circuit† means that all major muscle groups are being worked during a single exercise session, with this pattern repeating itself some number of times. Therefore, the choice of the type of exercise that constitutes circuit is discretionary, as long as the circuit requirement of total musculature involvement is met (Kelly 50). IV. Proper Values Most importantly, a professional weight trainer must possess good values like patience and perseverance in teaching their clients the methods of weight training. It is a very important factor especially when dealing with very demanding clients. In times when the clients do not meet the progress, they expect from the training. It could be a very hard time for them pushing their bodies to work for them. The professional weight trainers must therefore, observe the proper discipline order that their clients will be able to follow as a good example including the virtue of patience and perseverance must be taught to them. Conclusion Being a personal fitness trainer takes a lot of discipline and proper knowledge. It is really quite simple but very challenging. Their career means freedom. They are free to choose the number of clients they want to work with. In this case, they are able to individualized attention they need; they choose your work schedule so they can balance life commitments with work; and they choose their place of employment, whether it is at health clubs, spa resorts, medical facilities or with sports teams (MacDougall 30). Improving their health and body is also part of their job. Nevertheless, the most important thing better than improving their own quality of life is improving someone elses quality of life, helping their clients lose weight, build strength, gain confidence and improve their overall health is the greatest satisfaction. This job is also available in step aerobics, sports conditioning, kickboxing, boot camps, intensive abs and a number of other classes that add variety to my life as a personal fitness trainer. Therefore, in this type of career, there are unlimited growths of opportunities because of growing health concerns nowadays. This profession is in high demand. They are the boss of their own company (MacDougall 30). Since, they are all too familiar with the benefits of exercise they could promote regular participation in a fitness routine that involves elevation of the heart rate and strengthening and toning the muscles. Another benefit of becoming a professional weight trainer is the flexible schedule!   Whether they decide to be their own boss and start their own business or go to work for an existing gym. This gives them a great deal of flexibility, allowing them to work their schedule around family, friends or hobbies.