Marketing Research Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Research - Case Study Example If the second sample provides similar results then the remaining funds from the $30,000 can be rolled out across the nation. Some of the strengths of this may be that if it is the case that the initial pilot sample was not representative than a new strategy can be devised, however if the pilot example is representative than we have a good understanding that the expanded study will generate positive results. 2. What could be the ramifications of your budget decisions? Solution: The ramifications of my budget decision could be described as being low risk modest return. If it is the case that the second pilot study does yield positive results than we know that our approach to gathering information is sound and as such we can roll out our program into different markets. Moreover if we learn that we have generated some sort of false positive in the premier pilot study than it may be that we should have to completely reevaluate the way in which we collect the data. If the former case holds true we would be rolling out approximately $30,000 and would generate effective information for the company to modify their marketing strategies but we would also be taking company money that could be spent on other internal projects.

The impact of human growth, development and identity on cognitive Essay

The impact of human growth, development and identity on cognitive impairment - Essay Example The cognitive development is the acquisition of the ability to reason as well as solve problems. In the case of the 32-year old service user, her cognitive development is interfered with due to the environment she lived. She suffered maltreatment during her childhood and adolescent, making her nondependent in taking care of her needs. She suffered from emotional abuse and neglect during her early years of human development. As a result of the maltreatment, the service user now suffers from irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disorder, and depression. Irritable bowel syndrome is as a result of stress and anxiety. There are various theories presented to explain the interruptions in cognitive development. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of human development, youths must revolve around two crises during their adolescence stage. The term crises describe internal conflicts linked to human development. The way a person resolves the crisis will determine their personal identity and future growth pattern (Kivnick & Courtney, 2014). However, development theories have criticized Erikson’s theory. The development process is considered much more fluid and flexible than Erikson thought (Porfeli, et al., 2013). Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development classified the cognitive development stages in four, from birth through adolescence to adulthood. A child who passes the four stages progresses from the simple sensorimotor response to the ability to classify objects and after that engage in hypothetical and deductive reasoning (Beilin & Peter, 2013). The four stages include Sensori-Motor, Preoperational stage, Concrete Operational stage and the Formal operations stage. Feud’s theory of personality argues that structure and conflict in the human mind shape personality. He implicated the structure of the mind i.e. id, ego and superego and the solving of these conflicts among these parts in shaping the human

Literacy Narrative Essay Example for Free

Literacy Narrative Essay Due Date: Friday night, September 6th by midnight in the digital dropbox on Angel Desired Learning Outcomes: 1.Understand our personal development as readers and writers or persons 2.Explore writing as a means of self-discovery 3.Choose the appropriate voice, diction, and audience for a personal literacy narrative 4.Use various invention, drafting and revising/editing strategies as needed 5.Demonstrate appropriate conventions of grammar and style of written English 6.Use technology effectively and correctly to complete the assignment READINGS FOR PAPER: 1.Norton, Chapter 7: Writing a Literacy Narrative, Chapter 40: Narrating, and Chapter 57: additional examples of literacy narratives to be selected by the instructor 2. Quick Access Concise, Chapter 1: Understanding College and Other Writing Situations and Chapter 7a c: Strategies for Writing Typical Kinds of College Papers ASSIGNMENT: After completing the readings for this assignment, follow the guidelines in Chapter 7 of your Norton Field Guide, particularly pages 43-46. Additional tips on the writing process itself appear in the chapter, as well as samples from professional writers. As your text advises, follow these steps. 1.Choose a topic. A single event that you recall vividly would be a good choice. See the suggestions on page 43. 2.Consider the rhetorical situation, particularly your audience and stance. Your instructor will discuss conventions in more detail, but this type of writing does not require a formal tone and may use the first person (â€Å"I†). Grammar and  format, however, need to be correct. 3.Be sure you understand the nature of narrating (Chapter 40) and have the kinds of details and stance that motivate and excite your readers. A good narrative always has an element of conflict. 4.Apply the information in your Field Guide on generating ideas, drafting, and revising under the direction of your instructor.

Impact of Stress on Health and Well-being of the Individual

Impact of Stress on Health and Well-being of the Individual The objective of this assignment is to define holistic and define stress, and discuss the impact of stress on the health and wellbeing of an individual. Firstly the writer will look at holistic approaches and define stress. The writer will also look at how stress effects the individually biologically, psychologically and sociologically. Finally the writer will discuss approaches to managing stress. The term â€Å"Holistic or Holism† derives from the Greek word meaning entire, whole, total. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing (2014) defines â€Å"Holistic† as an approach to patient care in which the psychological, physiological and social factors of the patient’s condition are taken into account, rather than just the diagnosed disease. Holistic medicine is not a separate medical or treatment method, but it is an alternative philosophy regarding the approach to health. This holistic nursing approach originated in the United States of America and was formally introduced to the United Kingdom in 1977 and was seen as an alternative approach nursing rather than the traditional orientated task approach. Florence Nightingale herself encouraged holistic care; she recognised how important the environment and a multi directional approach was, rather than a one- dimensional therapy process. According to Dossey (2008) Health is a multifaceted complex concept, it relates to an individual’s well-being in a given environment, and is defined by pathology and the traditional biomedical health approach, holistic care looks at treating the underlying causes and not just the superficial ones. Barker (2004) also states the holistic model of care is widely accepted in the field of nursing, it favours a comprehensive in-depth assessment of entirety rather than the medical approach which just studies the disease in the patient. The holistic care approach takes into consideration all the persons individual psychological, sociological and mental health needs. Every man, women and child consists of a body and mind, and any changes in a person’s life will eventually cause changes in their existence. Aggleton and Chalmers (2000) describe holism as the fundamental wholeness of human beings. Hogston and Simpson (1999) define the holistic nursing process as a systematic problem solving framework that enables the nurse to plan care accordingly targeting the specific needs of the individual. The holistic approach has two focal factors. The first factor treats the individual as a separate entity, secondly the holistic approach analyses the psychosomatic approach of a disease and magnifies it by putting the patient in a specific time, along with their needs and quality of life. Alfaro-LeFevre (1998) described the holistic nursing process as a five stage framework comprising of: Assessment: to collect data regarding health status and monitor for evidence of health problems. Diagnosis: to identify actual and potential health issues. Planning: to determine therapeutic interventions and achievable goals. Implementation: to put plans into action and observe response. Evaluation: to assess the outcomes, to check if goals have been achieved or whether changes need to be made. A holistic approach to health makes prevention vitally important as finding a cure, this continuous model of care can extend over an individual’s life. The holistic approach drives to manipulate fundamental determinants of health that occur and this offers an upstream attack on threats to health. This may be the best approach and outcome in coping with the unhealthy lifestyles and the ageing and longevity of life in the population in the 21st century. These determinants contribute to a rise in stress, which can contribute to a rise in other diseases such as heart disease, cancer, stroke and other long standing mental health problems. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursing defines stress as â€Å"any factor that threatens the health of the body or has an adverse effect on its functioning, such as injury, disease, overwork, or worry. Constant stress brings about changes in the balance of hormones in the body. Selye (1976) describes stress as a unifying concept; it is a non-specific r esponse to a huge variety of stimuli. According to Edwards and Cooper (1988) stress should be discussed in terms of stimuli, responses and the relationship between them. Stress is actually part of modern life; at times it may become a useful tool and serve a purpose. Stress can motivate you for promotion at work, or push you to run that last mile of a marathon. Nevertheless if you lose control and dont get to grips with your stress, it can become a long-term problem and it can have a severe detrimental effect and interfere with your job, family life, and health. The causes of stress differ for every individual. Everyone has different stress triggers; we are open to various amounts of different stimuli. Beckwith (1996) states defining stress, its causes and symptoms are just as complicated. It is often characterized as a reaction to modern and social factors, stress is a disruption in an individual’s physiological and psychological homeostasis that force them to deviate from u sual functioning in interaction with their jobs and work environment. Stress is defined by Auerbach (1996) as a three way relationship between demands on a person, that person’s feelings about those demands and their ability to cope with those demands. Stress can effectively destroy the quality of life for the individual, his or her family and for society as a whole, it has become as dangerous as pollution to modern society Srivastava (1999). Some people thrive in the pressure cooker of life. Stress is a personalized experience and can vary extensively even in the same identical situation for different reasons. Some individuals can perform and complete many duties at the same time and have a list of things to do that would stretch and overpower most of us. Every individual has different stress triggers. How person A copes to how person B copes is completely different. A simple example of a daily stressor is the journey to work, college or school. Person A who is sitting in th e traffic, will sit and become very angry at the long delay, but Person B sitting in the next car accepts that there is lots of traffic and copes with the situation. The same stressor or stimuli, but two completely different reactions to the same situation. Stress level will differ based on your personality and how you respond to situations. The same situation can arise in any individuals life, whether it be moving to a new home, a heavy workload, too much responsibility, working long hours, studying for exams or simply leaving the house. Snyder, Lefcourt and Herbert (2001) state, Stress resides neither in the situation nor in the person, it depends on a transaction between the two. Barlow (2000) states suffering from stress, anxiety or phobias can disrupt daily routines, limit work efficiency, reduce self-esteem, and place a strain on relationships. Individuals will do whatever they can to avoid the uncomfortable and often-terrifying feelings of anxiety. Bourne (2011) supports Barl ow by stating people with specific phobias, or strong irrational fear reactions, work hard to avoid common places, situations, or objects even though they know theres no threat or danger. The fear may not make any sense, but they feel powerless to stop it. Specific phobias according to Sylver, Lilienfeld and Laprairie (2011) can cause stress, the threat of a terrorist attack, global warming, dogs, cats, bees, wasps, spiders, germs, heights, driving, public transport, flying, dental or medical procedures, and even elevators. People with phobias realize that their fear is irrational, and even thinking about it can often cause extreme anxiety. According to Beidel Turner (1998) while some phobias develop in childhood, most seem to arise unexpectedly, usually during adolescence or early adulthood. Their onset is usually sudden; you have no control over these events and they may occur in situations that previously did not cause any discomfort or anxiety. All of these factors can lead to stress. Stress is a worrisome illness. Stress has numerous faces, and sidles into our lives from many directions. No matter what the causes are, stress can put the body and mind under extreme pressure. Constant or chronic stress can have real physical effect on the body. It weakens the immune system, increasing the individual’s vulnerability. Stress engulfs the body and saturates it with stress hormones. The heart thumps, muscles tense, breathing quickens and the stomach churns. 1

Rene Descartes Meditations Critique

Rene Descartes Meditations Critique The flow of this paper will primarily be a series of inquiries on Rene Descartes methodic doubt as a philosophical method which has become the foundation of his metaphysics. In other words, this paper will point out several inconsistencies in Rene Descartes deductive process starting from its roots up to the conclusions he arrived at. In the Rene Descartes Meditations of First Philosophy, he expounded the epistemological problems surrounding the scholastic tradition. He furthers his argument that human knowledge is relying too much on traditional doctrines, which he said is based on unproven presuppositions. This gave way to the birth of a dilemma between what is certain knowledge and what is unwarranted belief. This mind set of Descartes led him to develop a method by which he can deduce what is true from a single fundamental principle This is Rene Descartes Universal Methodic Doubt. He started by stating that in order for us to seek for truth, it was necessary, at least once in the course of our lives, to doubt, as far as possible, of all things. He said that in the course of ones life, many prejudices have been accepted as true, that in turn deviate us from knowing certain truth. He also stated that we ought to consider as absolutely false all that is doubtful. He then went on to discuss why we should doubt our senses. He stated that it is common knowledge that our sense is not infallible, our senses are subject to error, and thus it would be imprudent to put our trust onto something that deceives us on a regular basis. He further argued that we cannot really acquire certainty on what is real when in fact we experience the same stimulations whether we are asleep and dreaming, or awake. The next subject of Descartes universal methodic doubt is mathematical demonstrations. He argued that there was no guarantee about the certainty of such mathematical demonstrations because of mans fallibility. He said that there was no way to be sure that we are not deceived by a God who made it appear to us that things exists but in truth are non-existent. He even went on to assume that God does not exist for the sake of argument, in which he replied that a lesser cause of his being will likewise mean that there will be a greater reason for us to believe that we could be continuously be deceived. Finally Descartes concluded that we cannot doubt our existence while we ourselves are, in fact, doubting. He stated that we cannot suppose that we are not while we doubt because we cannot possibly conceive that what thinks does not exist at the very moment when it thinks. This is how Descartes arrived at the single fundamental principle that he was seeking in order to deduce other forms of truth Cogito, ergo sum! At this point Rene Descartes encountered a problem in his line of thought. He cannot rely on the truth of his existence when it is based on the trustworthiness of his reasoning because his reasoning ability is also subject to the very method he created the universal methodic doubt. This is when he demonstrated the existence of an infinitely perfect being, who gave man faculties which are trustworthy and capable of discovering truth. His ontological argument about Gods existence is as follows. He stated that we have the idea of God as an infinitely perfect being in our mind. And it is necessary for an infinitely perfect being to exist; otherwise it is not an infinitely perfect being. He also tried to prove Gods existence by means of causality. He, once again, began with the premise that we have the idea of an infinitely perfect God, and since the idea represents an infinitely perfect being, we being finite, cannot have been able to produce such an idea using our limited faculties. This idea being beyond our limited capacities can only originate from a being that possess infinite perfection. After examining Descartes metaphysics from its roots up to its conclusions, this paper will pose various inquiries regarding the inconsistencies of Rene Descartes method. Rene Descartes began his inquiry by doubting all form of knowledge without exception, he even went further as to deem things with the slightest possibility of doubt as absolutely false. Using Descartes very own method, what makes the idea of an infinitely perfect God true? And if the idea of an infinitely perfect God doubtful how can he deduce, from this doubtful idea, the existence of God? Rene Descartes used the idea of the existence of God as an escape route to his philosophical dead end regarding the trustworthiness of his reasoning ability, but the idea of an infinitely perfect being is subject to his universal methodic doubt, thus he cannot prove the trustworthiness of his reasoning abilities, not to mention that the very same doubtful trustworthiness of his reasoning ability was used to prove the existence of God in the first place. In only goes to show that since the very idea of a God is doubtful, every other thing must remain doubtful. The trustworthiness of Rene Descartes reasoning ability was assumed as an effect of the existence of an infinitely perfect being; and this infinitely perfect beings perfection is made certain to him by means of his reasoning ability, before he was able to prove the validity of the trustworthiness of his reasoning ability. He assumed the trustworthiness of his reasoning ability in order to prove the existence of God in order to prove the trustworthiness of his reasoning ability, thus he commits a fallacy called begging the question also known as a circular argument. His line of thought was nullified because a doubtfully valid faculty can produce only a doubtfully valid argument, and a doubtfully valid argument can only lead to a doubtfully valid conclusion. This series of inconsistencies in Rene Descartes method goes to show that the very moment Rene Descartes decided to adopt a method of universal doubt to deduce a fundamental philosophical principle in which he will deduce other forms of truth, is the same moment that he created an unsurpassable wall that will render any method of acquiring truth impossible. His actual procedure in all the arguments he presented is that he presupposes the validity of his reasoning when in fact it is also subject to the methodic doubt that he devised hindering him from accepting the validity of his reasoning before he can prove the existence of an infinitely perfect God. The only possible end for his arguments is to accept a sort of universal scepticism, because no certitude can ever be attained in a system that doubts and ultimately deem the foundations of human reason as false. If the very nature of his mind is subject to doubt, not to mention deemed as absolutely false, then all ideas, judgements, a nd inferences can no longer be trusted. If Descartes mistrusts the simple judgments of 2+3=5 and A square has four sides, how can he trust his faculties in making the far more complicated arguments with which he tries to prove Gods existence and infinite perfection?

MIDI for beginners :: Computer Science

MIDI for beginners Background The acronym MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A Musical Instrument is a machine that makes sounds which humans have decided to call music. Digital means information that is encoded in numerical form, i.e. numbers, while Interface means a machine which facilitates communication between two or more systems. In practical terms, MIDI is a standard way for all sorts of modern musical equipment to talk to each other. This equipment commonly consists of things like keyboards, computer sequencers, synthesisers, and samplers, but it also includes mixers, tape recorders, effects generators, guitars, drum kits, wind instruments etc. The MIDI Standard was designed in the early 80's by a partnership between Roland and Sequential Circuits, two of the largest synthesiser manufactures of the time. This came about because of pressure from keyboard players, who wanted a universal interface standard for all their synthesisers to comply to. They were fed up with different synthesiser corporations using their own communications standard which were incompatible with those of other corporations. After the publication of the MIDI standard in 1984, other musical equipment manufactures quickly began to implement it in the designs of their products and MIDI became a world wide standard. A major advantage of MIDI over old analogue interface standards, such as CV (Control Voltage), is that it is possible to transfer up to sixteen channels of data down one cable, as opposed to CV's one channel per cable. Another major advantage of MIDI is that it enables computers equipped with MIDI to be used to write music and control musical equipment. This is done with programs called sequencers. They can give a very high degree of control over music, impossible through conventional means. Another advantage of MIDI is that it is now a world wide standard, insuring that practically all professional electronic music equipment will be compatible with it. Having sixteen channels to transfer MIDI data can also be a limitation when you want to use more than sixteen channels. However, this problem can be got around by using two or more midi interfaces each giving sixteen channels. Another limitation of MIDI is that you can not use it to transfer real time digital audio. MIDI information is transferred by sending a digital signal down a wire from one system to another. This digital data takes the form of binary numbers, physically transferred by sending zero volts for zero or off and plus five volts for one or on. Certain binary numbers convey certain types of information, for example a certain binary number will tell the device that a note on a keyboard has been pressed. This is called a note on event and the

Race Relations in Modern American Society Essay -- Papers

Race Relations in Modern American Society Race relations are an ever prominent issue in American society. Controversies focusing around race are a commonly seen smeared across the front page of the newspaper or headlining on the evening news. The opposition is usually between a minority group and "The Man," a colloquialism used by many Blacks to refer to the overwhelming power stemming from white racist tendencies. This racial tension can sometimes can cause the oppressed to band together against the oppressor. Many times, the most prevalent link is between the African American community and the Latino community. Here we find two groups of people with very similar lifestyles who find camaraderie between themselves when dealing with America’s racism. Although the specifics may differ, the experiences of Blacks and Latinos, specifically Mexican Americans, has impacted the two communities very similarly. For example, many sociologists agree that the slavery experience is the cause of many problems Black America has today. Things such as "Black on Black" crime, broken homes, high poverty levels and drug problems are believed to have links back to slavery. Much like Blacks, Mexican Americans have problems in their communities today that stem from their dealing with immigration in this country. Their problems still exist greatly because immigration is still going on between Mexico and America. The affects of slavery and illegal immigration began many years ago, continued throughout history and continue into today’s culture. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Blacks were oppressed with the use of Black Codes followed by the implementation of Jim Crow laws and segregation. These acts of racism have since be. .. ...welfare, those who are gang affiliated, the drug users and those that live in run-down, crowded tenements who suffer from tuberculosis and depression. It forgets the many who are forced to work in sweatshops and live below poverty level. Secondly, the Model Minority Myth is a dangerous concept because Asian Americans are alienated from the majority race as well as the minority race pool. They are still perceived by white America as outsiders yet are set up for resentment by other minorities. This makes life hard for the Asian American that achieves because he is almost forced to turn against his other brothers and sisters of color. This is detrimental to the well-being of the Asian American in this country. This concept should not be used to describe the modern Asian American and should be recognized as a stereotype like any other in our society.